Mariah+Pierce_Part+3

=Part 3- Cloning organisms=

Plant Cloning

Describe it: A description of plant cloning would be best described in a rough breakdown of the process. In an experiment performed by F.C. Steward and his colleagues at Cornell University, carrot cells were induvidually tested for their ability to create a whole plant. The group first took a carrot and cut the roots in half. Second, they took the bottom half of the carrot and cut it into 2 mg fragments which were then placed in a cultured nutrient medium. Due to the stirring of the fragments, cells began to sheer off and divide. The dividing cells created an embryonic plant. Lastly the embryonic plant was cultured in an agar medium and later planted in soil. The result of the experiment concluded that a single somatic carrot cell could grow into a mature carrot; that carrot was a duplicate of the parent plant. So, as far as how this procedure looks, there are of course the plants that are involved, the environments (agar solution), and the tools. Analyze it:

To analyze this procedure we would have to answer, How does it function? What is it made of? or What are components or parts? A main component to this procedure is the plant itlsef. The plants that have been found to "dedifferentiate" and give rise to all cell types of the cell's specific organism ( a carrot cell to a carrot) are known as totipotent cells. As far as function, we can go back to the experiment performed by F.C. Stewart and his colleagues. The carrot was placed into a nutrient medium; stirring caused the cells to flake off and the loose cells began to divide into a mature carrot.

Apply it: Plant cloning has been applied world-wide. One major aspect of life it affects is agriculture. Plant cloning has made agriculure advanced by allowing certain cloned plants to become resistant to already existing pests and diseases. Without cloning, some parts of agriculture would be much more difficult maybe even impossible.

Synthesize it:

Plant cloning makes me think of foods that have been transformed over the years such as seedless grapes and [|watermelon]. These plants are seedless because of plant cloning.

Argue:

I think that plant cloning is a very positive thing for us; It has helped us to become innovative farmers. Imagine if none of the plants grown ever had the same immunity to a certain disease or pest as one crop did.

Animal Cloning Describe it:

When describing animal cloning it is best to describe the process. The scientific approach is known as //nuclear transplantation,// the process of removing the nucleus of an unfertilized or fertilized egg and replacing it with the nucleus of a differentiated cell. This in turn creates a clone (genetically identical) version of the mammary cell donor.

Analyze It:

Components of animal cloning are either a fertilized or unfertilized egg. The nucleus of a differentiated cell, a mammary cell donor, and egg cell donor, and a carrier organism (surrogate mother) that will provide (in most cases) a uterus for the embryo to grow. Without these components animal cloning would not be possible.

Apply it:

Animal cloning can be used to do just that, clone animals. This process has helped us to learn so much. For example we ahve learned that cloned animals do not always look or act alike.

Synthesize It:

This procedure reminds me of In vitro fertilization. Animal cloning also reminds me of twins, which used to be thought of as individuals who acted and looked exactly alike; in most cases this is not true. This is similar to the way we thought clones looked and acted exactly alike.

Argue:

I believe the Animal cloning can be a very good thing that will help us learn many things. It can also be a bad thing though. In addition to the fact that a high percentage of cloned ebryos develop abnormally with defects; it may be reasonable to say that animal cloning should stay away from cloning humans.

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